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 Home Placement Paper Kit Logical & Reasoning Questions ▼

166. There is clear evidence that the mandated use of safety seats by children under age four has resulted in fewer child fatalities over the past five years. Compared to the five-year period prior to the passage of laws requiring the use of safety seats, fatalities of children under age four have decreased by 30 percent.
Which one of the following, if true, most substantially strengthens the argument above?

A.The number of serious automobile accidents involving ...........children under age four has remained steady over the ...........past five years.

B.Automobile accidents involving children have decreased ...........sharply over the past five years.

C.The use of air bags in automobiles has increased by ...........30 percent over the past five years.

D.Most fatal automobile accidents involving children under ...........age four occur in the driveway of their home.

E.The number of teenage drivers has increased by 30 ...........percent over the past five years.

Ans : A

167.Lycopene, glutathione, and glutamine are powerful antioxidants that neutralize the free radicals that are produced in the body as a result of routine bodily processes. An excess of these free radicals in your system causes rapid aging because they accelerate the rate of cellular damage. Aging is simply the result of this damage. Thus, to slow down aging it is necessary to supplement your diet with these antioxidants on a daily basis.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the author's contention?

A.Most persons aren't concerned with the effects of aging ...........until it is too late to do anything.

B.Exercise associated with normal daily activities effectively ...........neutralizes and dissipates the free radicals that are ...........produced as a result of routine bodily processes.

C.The cost of antioxidants is exorbitantly high and well ...........beyond the budget of most consumers.

D.Only overweight people who do not exercise on a daily ...........basis are likely to have an excess of free radicals in their ...........systems.

E.Smoking cigarettes is one of the main causes of cellular ...........damage in humans.

Ans : B

168.Is it wrong for doctors to lie about their patients' illnesses? Aren't doctors just like any other people we hire to do a job for us? Surely, we would not tolerate not being told the truth about the condition of our automobile from the mechanic we hired to fix it, or the condition of our roof from the carpenter we employed to repair it. Just as these workers would be guilty of violating their good faith contracts with us if they were to do this, doctors who lie to their patients about their illnesses violate these contracts as well, and this is clearly wrong.
The conclusion of the argument is best expressed by which of the following?

A.Doctors who lie to their patients about their illnesses ...........violate their good faith contracts with their patients.

B.Doctors often lie to their patients about their illnesses.

C.Doctors are just hired workers like mechanics and ...........carpenters.

D.It is wrong for doctors to lie about their patients' ...........illnesses.

E.Doctors, like mechanics and carpenters, enter into good ...........faith contracts with us when we hire them.

Ans : D

169.As any economist knows, healthy people pose less of an economic burden to society than unhealthy people. Not surprisingly, then, every dollar our state government spends on prenatal care for undocumented immigrants will save taxpayers of this state three dollars.
Which of the following, if true, would best explain why the statistics cited above are not surprising?

A.The state's taxpayers pay for prenatal care of all ...........immigrants.

B.Babies born in this state to undocumented immigrant ...........parents are entitled to infant care benefits from ...........the state.

C.State benefits for prenatal care serve to promote ...........undocumented immigration.

D.Babies whose mothers did not receive prenatal care ...........are just as healthy as other babies.

E.Pregnant women who do not receive prenatal care are ...........more likely to experience health problems than ...........other pregnant women.

Ans : E

170. Beautiful beaches attract people, no doubt about it. Just look at this city's beautiful beaches, which are among the most overcrowded beaches in the state.
Which of the following exhibits a pattern of reasoning most similar to the one exhibited in the argument above?

A.Moose and bear usually appear at the same drinking ...........hole at the same time of day. Therefore, moose and ...........bear must grow thirsty at about the same time.

B.Children who are scolded severely tend to misbehave ...........more often than other children. Hence if a child is ...........not scolded severely that child is less likely to ...........misbehave.

C.This software program helps increase the work ...........efficiency of its users. As a result, these users ...........have more free time for other activities.

D.During warm weather my dog suffers from fleas ...........more so than during cooler weather. Therefore, ...........fleas must thrive in a warm environment.

E.Pesticides are known to cause anemia in some people. ...........However, most anemic people live in regions where ...........pesticides are not commonly used.

Ans : D

171.Our school district should not spend its money on the new Verbal Advantage reading program. After all, our students get all the reading practice they need by studying history and science.
The argument above depends on which the following assumptions?

A.The Verbal Advantage program would not help the ...........students learn history and science.

B.Other reading programs are just as effective but ...........less expensive than the Verbal Advantage program.

C.The Verbal Advantage program involves only reading ...........practice.

D.Teaching students history and science is more ...........important than teaching them reading skills.

E.The students can already read well enough to ...........study history and science

Ans : C

172. A study of native born residents in Newland found that two-thirds of the children developed considerable levels of nearsightedness after starting school, while their illiterate parents and grandparents, who had no opportunity for formal schooling, showed no signs of this disability.
If the above statements are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?

A.Only people who have the opportunity for formal ...........schooling develop nearsightedness.

B.People who are illiterate do not suffer from ...........nearsightedness.

C.The nearsightedness in the children is caused by the ...........visual stress required by reading and other class work.

D.Only literate people are nearsighted.

E.One-third of the children are illiterate.

Ans : C

173.Newspaper publishers earn their profits primarily from advertising revenue, and potential advertisers are more likely to advertise in newspapers with a wide circulation—a large number of subscribers and other readers—than with other newspapers. But the circulation of the newspaper that is currently the most profitable one in this city has steadily declined during the last two years, while the circulation of one of its competitors has steadily increased.
Any of the following, if true, would help explain the apparent discrepancy between the two statements above EXCEPT:

A.Advertisers generally switch from the most widely ...........circulated newspaper to another one only when the ...........other one becomes the most widely circulated ...........newspaper instead.

B.Advertising rates charged by the most profitable ...........newspaper in the city are significantly higher than ...........those charged by its competitors.

C.The most profitable newspaper in the city receives ...........revenue from its subscribers as well from advertisers.

D.The circulation of the most profitable newspaper ...........in the city is still greater than than of any of its ...........competitors.

E.The number of newspapers competing viably with the ...........most profitable newspaper in the city has increased ...........during the last two years.

Ans : E

174.Although most of the fastest growing jobs in today's economy will require a college degree, many of the new jobs being created-from home health aide to desktop publisher-require knowledge other than that gained from earning a degree. For workers in those jobs, good basic skills in reading, communigreion, and mathematics play an important role in getting a job and developing a career.
From the information given above it can be validly concluded that, in today's economy,

A.skills in reading, communigreion, and mathematics play an important role in developing a career as a desktop publisher

B.the majority of the new jobs being created require knowledge other than that gained from earning a college degree

C.a job as a home health aide will rely more on communigreion skills than on basic skills in reading and mathematics

D.if a job is one of the fastest growing jobs, it will require a college degree

E.desktop publisher jobs and home health aide jobs are not among the fastest growing jobs

Ans : A

175. According to the National Agricultural Aviation Society (NAAS), without the use of crop protection products to control insects, weeds, and diseases, crop yields per acre will drop by more than 50 percent. The first aerial appligreion of insecticide occurred in 1921, and it was a huge success. By contrast, in today's economy all aircraft that are classified as aerial appligreors do more than just apply insecticide; today, they also spread seed and apply fertilizer.
From the information given above it CANNOT be validly concluded that

A.in today's economy, if an aerial appligreor is used, then it will be able to spread seed and to apply fertilizer

B.according to the NAAS, if crop yields per acre never drop by more than 50 percent, then crop protection products have been used to control insects, weeds, and diseases

C.in today's economy, any aircraft that cannot be used to apply fertilizer cannot be classified as an aerial appligreor

D.in 1921, if an aircraft was used for the appligreion of insecticide, then it was not also used to spread seed

E.according to the NAAS, if crop yields per acre drop by more than 50 percent, then crop protection products have not been used to control insects, weeds, and diseases.

Ans : E

176. No national productivity measures are available for underground industries that may exist but remain unreported. On the other hand, at least some industries that are run entirely by self-employed industrialists are included in national productivity measures.
From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that

A.there are at least some industries run entirely by self-employed industrialists that are underground industries

B.no industries that are run entirely by self-employed industrialists operate underground

C.there are at least some industries other than those run entirely by self-employed industrialists that are underground industries

D.there are at least some industries run entirely by self-employed industrialists that are not underground industries

E.there are at least some underground industries for which national productivity measures are available

Ans : D

177.Lou observes that if flight 409 is canceled, then the manager could not possibly arrive in time for the meeting. But the flight was not canceled. Therefore, Lou concludes, the manager will certainly be on time. Evelyn replies that even if Lou's premises are true, his argument is fallacious. And therefore, she adds, the manager will not arrive on time after all.
Which of the following is the strongest thing that we can properly say about this discussion?

A.Evelyn is mistaken in thinking Lou's argument to be fallacious, and so her own conclusion is unwarranted.

B.Evelyn is right about Lou's argument, but nevertheless her own conclusion is unwarranted.

C.Since Evelyn is right about Lou's argument, her own conclusion is well supported.

D.Since Evelyn is mistaken about Lou's argument, her own conclusion must be false.

E.Evelyn is right about Lou's argument, but nevertheless her own conclusion is false.

Ans : B

178. Sally has never received a violation from the Federal Aviation Administration during her 16-year flying career. Sally must be a great pilot.
Which of the following can be said about the reasoning above?

A.The definitions of the terms create ambiguity.

B.The argument uses circular reasoning.

C.The argument works by analogy.

D.The argument is built upon hidden assumptions.

E.This is an example of an argument that is directed against the source of the claim rather than the claim itself.

Ans : D

179. The Japanese economic model created strong domestic industries through subsidies from its Ministry of Trade and by closing off competitive foreign firms to its domestic market. This strategy promised to help economic growth by incubating domestic industries. New Japanese industries could count on a known local demand and would be protected from competition by tariffs and other barriers. The program could reduce the amount of imports and therefore improve the nation's balance of trade.

Which of the following, based on the passage above, is a weakness in this economic strategy?

A.A protectionist policy will create animosity among other nations.

B.Fast growth of small industries will create a class of millionaires and increase the inequality of income.

C.Subsidies and import constraints keep domestic prices high and impose a burden on consumers.

D.Quotas are more regressive than tariffs.

E.The demand for the products made by the incubated industries would not be known.

Ans : C

180.Historically, famines have generally been followed by periods of rising wages, because when a labor force is diminished, workers are more valuable in accordance with the law of supply and demand. The Irish potato famine of the 1840s is an exception; it resulted in the death or emigration of half of Ireland's population, but there was no significant rise in the average wages in Ireland in the following decade.
Which one of the following, if true, would LEAST contribute to an explanation of the exception to the generalization?

A.Improved medical care reduced the mortality rate among able-bodied adults in the decade following the famine to below prefamine levels.

B.Eviction policies of the landowners in Ireland were designed to force emigration of the elderly and infirm, who could not work, and to retain a high percentage of able-bodied workers.

C.Advances in technology increased the efficiency of industry and agriculture, and so allowed maintenance of economic output with less demand for labor.

D.The birth rate increased during the decade following the famine, and this compensated for much of the loss of population that was due to the famine.

E.England, which had political control of Ireland, legislated artificially low wages to provide English-owned industry and agriculture in Ireland with cheap labor.

Ans : D

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