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 Home Placement Paper Kit Logical & Reasoning Questions ▼

121. Sally has never received a violation from the Federal Aviation Administration during her 16-year flying career. Sally must be a great pilot. Which of the following can be said about the reasoning above?

A.The definitions of the terms create ambiguity.

B.The argument uses circular reasoning.

C.The argument works by analogy.

D.The argument is built upon hidden assumptions.

E.This is an example of an argument that is directed against the source of the claim rather than the claim itself.

Ans : D

122.Dear Editor: I feel obliged to comment on the unfair review you published last week written by Robert Duxbury. Your readers should know that Mr. Duxbury recently published his own book that covered the same topic as my book, which you asked him to review. It is regrettable that Mr. Duxbury should feel the need to belittle a competing work in the hope of elevating his own book. The author of the letter above makes her point by employing which method of argument?

A.Attacking the motives of the author of the unfavorable review.

B.Attacking the book on the same topic written by the author of the review.

C.Contrasting her own book with that written by the author of the review.

D.Questioning the judgment of the author of the unfavorable review.

E.Stating that her book should not have been reviewed by the author of a competing work.

Ans : A

123.Jack Bygrave is an executive at a major South African diamond company that produces 2% of the world's total annual diamond production. The CFO is anxious to maximize revenues and increase sales. Bygrave, however, believes that increased production would only drive down the world price of diamonds and lower revenues. Which of the following represents the logical flaw in Bygrave's reasoning?

A.Jack connects the price of unrefined diamonds and the price of jewelry-quality diamonds.

B.He assumes that production goals are similar to financial goals.

C.He assumes that the supply produced by a single company can significantly alter the aggregate supply for the market.

D.He assumes that seasonal and long term supply are proportional.

E.He correlates long-term and short-term demand.

Ans : C

124.Jack Bygrave is an executive at a major South African diamond company that produces 2% of the world's total annual diamond production. The CFO is anxious to maximize revenues and increase sales. Bygrave, however, believes that increased production would only drive down the world price of diamonds and lower revenues. Which of the following represents the logical flaw in Bygrave's reasoning?

A.Jack connects the price of unrefined diamonds and the price of jewelry-quality diamonds.

B.He assumes that production goals are similar to financial goals.

C.He assumes that the supply produced by a single company can significantly alter the aggregate supply for the market.

D.He assumes that seasonal and long term supply are proportional.

E.He correlates long-term and short-term demand.

Ans : C

125. A study of a math program implemented in several pre-schools indigrees that children who received the specialized Math Plus math edugreion between the ages three and five had significantly higher math scores in 3rd and 4th grade than their classmates who did not receive this instruction. The proponents of the math argue that the introduction of this program for all children age three to five will significantly improve their chances for success in school.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the above argument?

A.Most parents send their children to preschool for social development and do not have a clear idea about what types of edugreion they want for their children.

B.Cognitive abilities of 3- to 5-year-old children are constantly changing.

C. The children in the pre-schools that were studied had previously been exposed to another math enrichment program.

D.Children are not really interested in enrichment programs in preschool.

E.The cost factor needs to be specified and established before a large scale program can be undertaken.

Ans : C

126.The symptoms of mental disorders are behavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems. Some patients with mental disorders can be effectively treated with psychotherapy, but it is now known that in some patients' mental disorders result from chemical imbalances affecting the brain. Thus, these patients can be effectively treated only with medigreion that will reduce or correct the imbalance.
The argument depends on assuming which one of the following?

A.Treatment by psychotherapy can produce no effective reduction in or correction of chemical imbalances that cause mental disorders.

B.Treatment with medigreion always shows faster results for patients with mental disorders than does treatment with psychotherapy

C.Most mental disorders are not the result of chemical imbalances affecting the brain.

D. Medigreion is always more effective in treating patients with mental disorders than is psychotherapy.

E.Treatment with psychotherapy has no effect on mental disorders other than a reduction of the symptoms.

Ans : A

127. The crux of creativity resides in the ability to manufacture variations on a theme. If we look at the history of science, for instance, we see that every idea is built upon a thousand related ideas. Careful analysis leads us to understand that what we choose to call a new theme or a new discovery is itself always and without exception some sort of variation, on a deep level, of previous themes. If all of the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:
A.A lack of ability to manufacture a variation on a previous theme connotes a lack of creativity

B.No scientific idea is entirely independent of all other ideas.

C.Careful analysis of a specific variation can reveal previous themes of which it is a variation.

D.All great scientific discoverers have been able to manufacture a variation on a theme.

E.Some new scientific discoveries do not represent, on a deep level, a variation on previous themes.

Ans : E

128. Studies of fatal automobile accidents reveal that, in the majority of cases in which one occupant of an automobile is killed while another survives, it is the passenger, not the driver, who is killed. It is ironic that the innocent passenger should suffer for the driver's carelessness, while the driver often suffers only minor injuries or none at all. Which of the following is an assumption underlying the reasoning in the passage above?

A.In most fatal automobile accidents, the driver of a car in which an occupant is killed is at fault.

B.Drivers of automobiles are rarely killed in auto accidents.

C.Most deaths in fatal automobile accidents are suffered by occupants of cars rather than by pedestrians.

D.Auto safety experts should increase their efforts to provide protection for those in the passenger seats of automobiles.

E.Automobile passengers sometimes play a contributing role in causing auto accidents.

Ans : A

129. The government of Zunimagua has refused to schedule free elections, release political prisoners, or restore freedom of speech; therefore, no more financial aid from the United States should be provided to Zunimagua. Which of the following is an assumption made in the argument above?

A.Withdrawal of U.S. aid from Zunimagua will force a change in the policies of its government.

B.The people of Zunimagua would be better off if their present despotic government were overthrown.

C.The government of Zunimagua is dependent on continued U.S. aid for its existence.

D.U.S. aid should be given only to countries willing to adopt policies in line with U.S. interests and goals.

E.U.S. aid should be withdrawn from any country that refuses to operate its government along democratic lines.

Ans : E

130. The editors of Business Today magazine conducted a poll of its readers regarding the proposed increase in the rate of income tax paid on profits from the sale of stocks. More than 60% of the readers opposed the proposed tax. The editors announced that the majority of Americans opposed any increase in the tax on profits from stock sales. Which one of the following statements, if true, would most weaken the editor's conclusion?

A.Some readers of Business Today magazine are citizens of countries other than the United States.

B.Decisions concerning the income tax laws are made by the Congress rather than directly by the people.

C.Most of those who earn profits from stock sales are wealthy and can afford to pay higher taxes.

D.The viewpoints of the vast majority of the readers of Business Today magazine differ from the views of most Americans.

E.Not all readers of Business Today magazine responded to the editors' poll.

Ans : D.

131.Many people argue that the death penalty deters murder. However, the notorious killer Ned Grandy deliberately moved to a state that imposes the death penalty just before embarking on a series of ferocious murders. Thus, it seems clear that the existence of the death penalty does not serve as a deterrent to murder. The argument above may best be characterized as:

A.an appeal to emotion.

B.a flawed analogy.

C.a general conclusion based on a specific example.

D.circular reasoning.

E.an application of a general principle to a specific example.

Ans : C

132. Dear Editor: I feel obliged to comment on the unfair review you published last week written by Robert Duxbury. Your readers should know that Mr. Duxbury recently published his own book that covered the same topic as my book, which you asked him to review. It is regrettable that Mr. Duxbury should feel the need to belittle a competing work in the hope of elevating his own book.
The author of the letter above makes her point by employing which method of argument?

A.Attacking the motives of the author of the unfavorable review.

B.Attacking the book on the same topic written by the author of the review.

C.Contrasting her own book with that written by the author of the review.

D.Questioning the judgment of the author of the unfavorable review.

E.Stating that her book should not have been reviewed by the author of a competing work.

Ans : A

133. The government of Zunimagua has refused to schedule free elections, release political prisoners, or restore freedom of speech; therefore, no more financial aid from the United States should be provided to Zunimagua.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the argument above?

A.Withdrawal of U.S. aid from Zunimagua will force a change in the policies of its government.

B.The people of Zunimagua would be better off if their present despotic government were overthrown.

C.The government of Zunimagua is dependent on continued U.S. aid for its existence.

D.U.S. aid should be given only to countries willing to adopt policies in line with U.S. interests and goals.

E.U.S. aid should be withdrawn from any country that refuses to operate its government along democratic lines.

Ans : E

134.The Japanese economic model created strong domestic industries through subsidies from its Ministry of Trade and by closing off competitive foreign firms to its domestic market. This strategy promised to help economic growth by incubating domestic industries. New Japanese industries could count on a known local demand and would be protected from competition by tariffs and other barriers. The program could reduce the amount of imports and therefore improve the nation's balance of trade. Which of the following, based on the passage above, is a weakness in this economic strategy?

A.A protectionist policy will create animosity among other nations.

B.Fast growth of small industries will create a class of millionaires and increase the inequality of income.

C.Subsidies and import constraints keep domestic prices high and impose a burden on consumers.

D.Quotas are more regressive than tariffs.

E.The demand for the products made by the incubated industries would not be known.

Ans : c

135. Several movie versions of Charles Dickens' Tale of Two Cities have been made. The original movie version made in 1939 is the best because it is closest in spirit to the original novel. An underlying assumption of the argument above is that a movie based on a novel should:

A.reflect the director's original interpretation of the main themes of the novel.

B.accurately depict the time and place in which the novel is set.

C.feature actors and actresses who closely resemble the characters in the novel both in body and spirit.

D.faithfully render the details of the plot from the narrator's point of view.

E.capture the true meaning and intention of the novel.

Ans : E

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