Ex 12: What is the output?

main()
{
  char s[]={'a','b','c','\n','c','\0'};
  char *p,*str,*str1;
  p=&s[3];
  str=p;
  str1=s;
  printf("%d",++*p + ++*str1-32);
}

Ans:
M

Explanation:

p is pointing to character '\n'.str1 is pointing to character 'a' ++*p meAnswer:"p is pointing to '\n' and that is incremented by one." the ASCII value of '\n' is 10. then it is incremented to 11. the value of ++*p is 11. ++*str1 meAnswer:"str1 is pointing to 'a' that is incremented by 1 and it becomes 'b'. ASCII value of 'b' is 98. both 11 and 98 is added and result is subtracted from 32.
i.e. (11+98-32)=77("M");

Ex - 13:  What is the output?
main()
{
char *p="hai friends",*p1;
p1=p;
while(*p!='\0') ++*p++;
printf("%s   %s",p,p1);
}

Ans:
ibj!gsjfoet

Explanation:

++*p++ will be parse in the given order Ø  *p that is value at the location currently pointed by p will be taken Ø  ++*p the retrieved value will be incremented Ø  when ; is encountered the location will be incremented that is p++ will be executed Hence, in the while loop initial value pointed by p is ‘h’, which is changed to ‘i’ by executing ++*p and pointer moves to point, ‘a’ which is similarly changed to ‘b’ and so on. Similarly blank space is converted to ‘!’. Thus, we obtain value in p becomes “ibj!gsjfoet” and since p reaches ‘\0’ and p1 points to p thus p1doesnot print anything.