PH201-Engineering Physics |
Module 1: Optics: |
1.1 General concept of Polarization, Plane of vibration and plane of polarization, Malus’s law, Qualitative
discussion on Plane, Circularly and Elliptically polarized light, Polarization through reflection and
Brewster’s law, Double refraction (birefringence) - Ordinary and Extra-ordinary rays, Polaroid, Nicol
prism.
1.2 Interference of electromagnetic waves, Conditions for sustained interference, double slit as an example.
Spatial and Temporal Coherence, Conservation of energy and intensity distribution, Newton’s ring (No
deduction necessary).
1.3 Diffraction of light – Fresnel and Fraunhofer class, Fraunhofer diffraction for single slit and double
slits: Intensity distribution, N-slits and plane transmission grating, (No deduction of the intensity
distributions are necessary). Missing orders and Rayleigh criterion, Resolving power of grating and
microscope. (definition and formulae)
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Module 2: Quantum Mechanics: |
2.1 Concept of dependendence of mass with velocity, mass energy equivalence, energy- momentum
relation, Inadequacy of Classical Physics in explaining (i) Black body radiation (derivation required) -
Rayleigh Jeans’ law, Wien’s law, Ultraviolet catastrophy, Planck’s radiation law (Calculation of the
average energy of the oscillator) , (ii) Einstein’s Photoelectric effect, (iii) Compton effect (calculation of
Compton wavelength is required).
2.2 Wave-particle duality and de Broglie’s hypothesis, Concept of matter waves, Davisson-Germer
experiment, Notion of wave packets and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, notion of group velocity and
phase velocity.
2.3 Concept of probability and probability density, operators, commutators. Formulation of quantum
mechanics and Basic postulates, Operator correspondence, Time dependent Schroedinger’s equation,
formulation of time independent Schroedinger’s equation by method of separation of variables, Physical
interpretation of wave function ψ (normalization and probability interpretation), Expectation values,
Application of Schroedinger equation – Particle in an infinite square well potential (1-D and 3-D potential
well), Discussion on degenerate levels.
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Module 3: Statistical Mechanics: |
3.1 Concept of energy levels and energy states. Microstates, macrostates and thermodynamic probability,
equilibrium macrostate ... MB, FD, BE statistics (No deduction necessary), fermions, bosons (definitions in
terms of spin, examples), physical significance and application, classical limits of quantum statistics Fermi
distribution at zero & non-zero temperature, Calculation of Fermi level in metals, also total energy at
absolute zero of temperature and total number of particles, Bose-Einstein statistics – Planck’s law of
blackbody radiation.
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Module 4: Crystallography: |
4.1 Elementary ideas of crystal structure - lattice, basis, unit cell, Fundamental types of lattices – Bravais
lattice, Simple cubic, f.c.c. and b.c.c. lattices, (use of models in the class during teaching is desirable]
Miller indices and miller planes, Co-ordination number and Atomic packing factor.
X-rays – Origin of Characteristic and Continuous X-ray, Bragg’s law (No derivation), Determination of
lattice constant.
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Module 5: Laser and Fibre optics |
5.1 Spontaneous and Stimulated emission of radiation, Population inversion, Einstein’s A & B co-efficient
(derivation of the mutual relation), Optical resonator and Condition necessary for active Laser action, Ruby
Laser, He-Ne Laser- applications of laser.
Optical Fibres – Core and cladding, total internal reflection step index and graded index fibre, Calculation
of Numerical aperture and acceptance angle, losses in the fibre, applications.
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Reference Book |
Engineering Physics 1 (TMH WBUT Series), Bhattacharya & Pal, TMH |
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