Introduction
Background, Digital Image Representation, Fundamental steps in Image Processing, Elements of Digital
Image Processing - Image Acquisition, Storage, Processing, Communication, Display.
Digital Image Formation
A Simple Image Model, Geometric Model- Basic Transformation (Translation, Scaling, Rotation),
Perspective Projection, Sampling & Quantization - Uniform & Non uniform.
Mathematical Preliminaries
Neighbour of pixels, Connectivity, Relations, Equivalence & Transitive Closure; Distance Measures,
Arithmetic/Logic Operations, Fourier Transformation, Properties of The Two Dimensional Fourier
Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine & Sine Transform.
Image Enhancement
Spatial Domain Method, Frequency Domain Method, Contrast Enhancement –Linear & Nonlinear
Stretching, Histogram Processing; Smoothing - Image Averaging, Mean Filter, Low-pass Filtering; Image
Sharpening. High-pass Filtering, High-boost Filtering, Derivative Filtering, Homomorphic Filtering;
Enhancement in the frequency domain - Low pass filtering, High pass filtering.
Image Restoration
Degradation Model, Discrete Formulation, Algebraic Approach to Restoration - Unconstrained &
Constrained; Constrained Least Square Restoration, Restoration by Homomorphic Filtering, Geometric
Transformation - Spatial Transformation, Gray Level Interpolation.
Image Segmentation
Point Detection, Line Detection, Edge detection, Combined detection, Edge Linking & Boundary Detection
- Local Processing, Global Processing via The Hough Transform; Thresholding - Foundation, Simple
Global Thresholding, Optimal Thresholding; Region Oriented Segmentation - Basic Formulation, Region
Growing by Pixel Aggregation, Region Splitting & Merging.
An Overview of GIS
Definition of GIS, Features & Functions, GIS as an Information System, GIS & Cartography, GIS data
feeds, Historical development of GIS.
GIS Concepts & Spatial Data Model
Automated Cartography versus GIS, Database, Remote Sensing, Concept of Data model, Raster Data
Model, Indexing & Hierarchical Data Structure, Vector Data Model, TIN Data Model
Remote Sensing
Concepts, GPS Satellite Signals, GPS data, GPS surveying, GPS error source, Differential GPS technique
Techniques & Concepts, Electromagnetic Spectrum, RS Platforms, Visual Interpretation.