Traction: System of track electrification, train movement and energy consumption (speed time curves, crest speed, average speed and
schedule speed) rctive effort, factors affecting energy consumption (dead weight, acceleration weight and adhesion weight) starting
and braking of traction motors, protective devices.
Illumination: Laws of illumination, polar, curves, photometry, integrating spheres, types of lamps, lamp fittings, Light control, design
aspects of indoor and outdoor lighting.
Welding: Its classification, resistance, arc and ultrasonic welding, characteristics of welding transformers - modern welding techniques
and control.
Heating: Resistance heating, induction and dielectric heating.
Electrolytic Processes: Electroplating, Anodizing, Electro-cleaning, Electro extraction etc.