1. Basics of Vector Analysis – orthogonal Coordinate Systems, Transformations of coordinate
systems; Del operator; Gradient, Divergence, Curl – their physical interpretations; Laplacian
operator.
2. Coulomb’s law, electric field intensity, charge distribution.; Gauss’ law, flux density and electric
field intensity. Divergence theorem. Current Densities, Conductors, Poisson’s & Laplace’s
equations, Uniqueness theorem, Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Relation between J & H, Vector
magnetic Potential, Stokes’ theorem.
3. Faraday’s law & Lenz’s law, Displacement Current, J C – J D Relation, Maxwell’s equations,
Time-harmonic fields, Wave Equation, Boundary Conditions between media interface; Uniform
Plane wave; Wave Propagation in Lossy Dielectric, Loss-less Dielectric, Free space. Poynting
Theorem, Power flow, Poynting vector.
4. Transmission Lines: Concept of Lump parameters and Distributed parameters, Line Parameters,
Transmission line equations and solutions, Physical significance of the solutions. Propagation
constant, Characteristic Impedance; Wavelength; Velocity of Propagation; Distortion-less Line,
Reflection and Transmission coefficients; Standing Waves, VSWR, Input Impedance, Smith Chart – Applications; Load Matching Techniques.
5. Retarded Potential Functions, Field solutions; Radiations from Hertz Dipole and short Magnetic
Loop; Near-Field and Far-Field Concept.
6. Antenna Parameters & characteristics: Definitions- Radiation Pattern, Beam Area, Beam
Efficiency, Directivity, Gain, Antenna Aperture, Aperture Efficiency, Radiation Resistance,
Resonant antennas, Wire antennas – Dipole, Folded dipole, Yagi-Uda, Log-periodic, Spiral
antennas, Monopole.
7. Aperture antennas: Parabolic Reflector, Cassigrain Feed, Horn Antennas: Pyramidal, Sectoral
Horns
8. Antenna Array: Two element Array, Uniform Linear Array; Electronic Scanning, Grating-lobe
Concept.
Propagation
9. Different modes of Radio Wave Propagation: Ground Wave Propagation, Tilt,
Sky Wave Propagation, MUF, Skip Distance, Critical Frequency, Virtual Height.
10. Space Wave Propagation, Modified Refractive Index, Its effects on wave
propagation, Propagation over Plane Earth and spherical earth, Anomalous Propagation
Diffraction, Duct Propagation, Troposphere Propagation,
11. Radar Equation, Friis Equation; Case study of LOS Antennas and Radar
Systems.