1. Introduction-Signal Analysis and Transmission: Overview of communication- base-band
transmission, various types of signals, analog signal, fundamental limitations in communication
system- noise, bandwidth and hardware; Modulation and its need and types; Time domain and
frequency domain analysis; Fourier series representations- exponential and polar forms; Fourier
Transformation, Inverse Fourier Transformation and its properties (with examples);Statistical Methods.
2. Linear Systems-: Various types of systems, LTI systems; Low pass and band pass signals; basic
concepts on analog filters; Energy and power signals, Parseval’s theorem; Laplace transformation,
convolution theorems, convolution integral.
3. Amplitude Modulation (AM): Generation and transmission of AM signals, DSBSC, SSBSC and
VSB with block diagrams, relative merits and demerits of various AM schemes, balance modulators,
switching and ring modulators( block diagrams), time domain and frequency domain expressions,
phasor diagrams, modulation index, normalized power, side band filter
4. Demodulation of AM: Demodulation of AM signals, square law and envelop detectors.
Superheterodyne receiver for standard AM radio, effects of frequency and phase errors in local
oscillator. Synchronous demodulation of AM, DSB, SSB and VSB; PLL for detection of AM;
Comparison of AM systems; Frequency Division Multiplexing and Quadrature-Carrier Multiplexing.
5. Angle Modulation: Frequency and phase modulations, phasor diagram, time and frequency domain
representation. power calculation, modulation index; Generation of FM signals using Armstrong
method, Modulation and Demodulation of FM and PM signals with limiter discriminator and PLL
respectively, narrow band and wide-band FM.
6. Pulse Modulation: Sampling theory, Shannon’s law, PAM, orthogonal signals, Sample and hold,
signal reconstruction, PCM, , PWM, PPM techniques.
7. Practical Communication Systems: Concept of Multiplexing,Concept of commercial FM radio and
Stereo FM radio; Narrow band and wideband modulation;. Recording and reproduction of sound; high
fidelity stereophonic systems; compact disc. Television broadcasting- block diagram of TV transmitter
and receiver, characteristics of TV transmission; characteristics of receiving and transmitting antennas;
VHF & UHF communication.
8. Random signal and Noise: Signals power and spectral representations, energy and power signals,
auto correlation and cross correlation functions, power spectral density functions, White noise, thermal
noise, PSDF of white signal; Noise in communication systems, threshold effect in Angle Modulation,
Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis filtering; Signal to noise Ratio(SNR) and Carrier to Interference
Ratio(CIR). Noise power, Noise bandwidth of a LTI System and its use in communication.
Narrowband Noise Representation, generation of narrow band noise and its PSDF time domain
expressions.
9. Introduction to Information Theory: Measure of information, entropy, mutual information; source
coding theorem, modeling of communication channels, Gaussian channel capacity.