Concepts & Terminology : Digital computer concepts; Von-Neumann concept ; Hardware & Software and their nature ;
structure & functions of a computer system , Role of operating system.
Memory Unit : Memory classification , characteristics ; Organization of RAM , address decoding ROM/PROM/EEPROM ;
Magnetic memories , recording formats & methods , Disk & tape units; Concept of memory map , memory hierarchy ,
Associative memory organization ; Cache introduction , techniques to reduce cache misses , concept of virtual memory &
paging.
CPU Design: The ALU – ALU organization , Integer representation , 1s and 2s complement arithmetic ; Serial & Parallel
Address; implementation of high speed Address Carry Look Ahead & carry Save Address; Multiplication of signed binary
numbers-Booth’s algorithm ; Divide algorithms- Restoring & Non-Restoring ; Floating point number arithmetic; Overflow
detection , status flags.
Instruction Set Architecture- Choice of instruction set ; Instruction word formats ; Addressing modes.
Control Design – Timing diagrams; T-States , Controlling arithmetic & logic instruction , control structures ; Hardwired &
Micro programmed, CISC & RISC characteristics.
Pipelining-general concept , speed up , instruction & arithmetic pipeline; Examples of some pipeline in modern processors ,
pipeline hazards; Flynn’s classification –SISD ,SIMD , MISD , MIMD architectures-Vector and Array processors & their
comparison , Concept of Multiprocessor; Centralized & distributed architectures.
Input/output Organization : Introduction to Bus architecture , effect of bus widths , Programmed & Interrupt I/O , DMA.