Water demands: Types of demands for domestic, commercial, industrial, fire, public use and losses, per
capita demand, variations in demand, factors affecting demand. Design period. Forecasting populationdifferent
methods and their suitability.
Sources of water: surface water: rivers, streams, lakes and impounded reservoirs, determination of quantity
of water in the above sources. Under ground sources Springs, wells and infiltration galleries, measurement
of yield of open wells., tube wells, artesian wells and infiltration galleries.
Quality of water: Pollution and contamination of water. Sources, classification and prevention of pollution.
Water borne diseases. Impurities in water.Water analysis Physical chemical and biological tests, standards
for potable water.
Collection and conveyance of water: Intakes-river, lake, reservoir and canal. Hydraulic design of pressure
pipes. Hydrostatic tests on pipes.
Treatment of water: Aeration, Plain sedimentation, sedimentation with coagulation- coagulant feeding
devices, optimum dosage of coagulant. Filters and their different types, disinfection, water softening. The
functional design of treatment unit. Removal of iron, manganes, colour, odour and taste, Fluoridation,
desalination.
Distribution: Systems of distribution, layout of distribution system, Pressure in distribution system, Storage
and distribution reservoirs. Capacity of reservoirs. Type of reservoirs. Detection and presentation of
leakages.