Mineralogy: Definition, internal and external structure of minerals, study of crystals, Classification and
physical properties of minerals.
Classification of rocks .
a) Igneous rocks: Origin, mode of occurrence, forms & texture, classification and engineering
importance.
b) Sedimentary rocks: Process of sedimentation, classification and engineering importance.
c) Metamorphic rocks: Agents and types of metamorphism, classification and engineering importance.
Weathering of rocks: Agents and kinds of weathering, soil formation & classification based on origin.
Geological work of rivers: Origin and stages in the system, erosion, transportation and deposition.
Structural geology: Introduction to structural elements of rocks, dip & strike, definition, description,
classification of folds, faults and joints, importance of geological structures in Civil Engineering.
Earthquakes and seismic hazards: Causes and effects, seismic waves and seismographs, Mercelli’s intensity
scale and Richter’s scale of magnitude.
Engineering properties of rocks: Porosity, permeability, compressive strength, tensile strength and abrasive
resistance.
Rocks as construction materials: Qualities required for building and ornamental stones, foundations,
concrete aggregate, railway ballast, road metal, pavement, flooring and roofing.
Geophysical exploration: Methods of Geophysical Exploration, electrical resistivity method field procedure – sounding and profiling, electrode configuration, interpretation of resistivity data. Geophysical surveys in
ground water and other Civil Engg. Projects.
Applied Geology: Surface and subsurface geological and geophysical investigations in major Civil Engg.
Projects. Geological studies of Dams and reservoir sites, Geological studies for selection of tunnels and
underground excavations.
Landslides: Types of landslides, causes, effects and prevention of landslides.