TT 2251-CHEMISTRY FOR TEXTILES |
CARBOHYDRATES |
Introduction, mono- and di-saccharides – important reactions. Polysaccharides-Starch and Cellulose- Structure and properties. Reactions of cellulose. Derivatives of cellulose-carboxy-methyl cellulose, secondary cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate. Lignin – structure and properties. Delignification of lignocelluloses- chemistry and mechanism. Preparation, physical and chemical properties of regenerated cellulose and its textile uses.
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AMINOACIDS AND PROTEINS, OILS, FATS AND WAXES |
Classification of proteins, test for proteins, denaturation. Wool and silk - chemical composition, properties (chemical and physical), structural aspects and application. Analysis of oils and fats- Classification of waxes. Fatty, waxy/gummy and protein materials present in natural fibres (cotton, silk, wool etc) and their removal. |
BLEACHING AGENTS |
Oxidative (chlorite, hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide) and reductive (borohy-drides, sulphites, hydrosulphites etc) bleaching agents and their mechanism of action in textile bleaching.
Heterocyclic compounds
Furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine and indole- their important derivatives. |
DYES |
Colour and constitution. Light absorption properties of dyes. Beer-Lambertz law. Dye estimation by spectrophotometer.
Classification of dyes and intermediates viz, azines, oxazines, thiazine, acridine, thiazole, eqinoline, cyanide dyes, diphenyl and triphenyl methane dyes. Structure and synthesis of important azo dyes (methyl orange, congo red and methyl red), diphenyl methane dyes (malachite green, para rosaniline) and anthraquinone dyes (alizarin). Indigoid, thioindigoid, solubilized vat dyes, reducing agents in vat dyeing and their reduction potentials, sulphur color, phthalocynanine and phthalin dyes, reactive gyes and mordant dyes. Disperse dyeing and its mechanism. Cationic dyestuff. Natural dyes - source, extraction and the structure of the dye component. Fluorescent brightening agents- their chemistry, preparation and uses. |
THEORY OF DYEING |
Polymer-dye interactions. Substantivity and affinity. Kinetics and thermodynamics of dyeing. Derivation of affinity equation. Various adsorption isotherms in dyeing and their thermodynamic derivations. Dye diffusion (Ficks first and second laws), equilibrium adsorption, partition coefficient, time of half-dyeing, dyeability and dye diffusion temperature. Derivation of William Landed Ferry (WLF) equation and its significance. Free volume and solubility parameter concepts in dyeing. |
REFERENCE |
Text Books |
1. Introduction to chemistry of dyestuffs, V.A.Shenai, Sevak Publications, Mumbai, 1995.
2. Textile chemistry, R.H.Peters, Vol. III, The physical chemistry of dyeing, Elsevier, 1975. |
Reference Books |
1. Bahl, B.S and Arun Bahl, Advanced organic chemistry, Sultanchand and Sons, New Delhi, 1994.
2. The chemistry of synthetic dyes, vol.I and II, Academic press, London, 1971.
3. The theory of colouration of textiles, eds.; C.L.Bird and W.S.Boston Dyers company publications trust, England, 1975
4. Dyeing and chemical technology of textile fibres, Trotman E.R, Edward Arnold Kent, England.
5. Synthetic organic chemistry, Agarwal O.P, Fifth edition, Goel Publishing house, Meerut, 1981.
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