BM2251 - Biomedical Instrumentation |
UNIT I BIO POTENTIAL ELECTRODES |
Origin of bio potential and its propagation. Electrode-electrolyte interface, electrode–skin
interface, half cell potential, impedance, polarization effects of electrode –
nonpolarizable electrodes. Types of electrodes - surface, needle and micro electrodes
and their equivalent circuits. Recording problems - measurement with two electrodes. |
UNIT II ELECTRODE CONFIGURATIONS |
Biosignals characteristics – frequency and amplitude ranges. ECG – Einthoven’s
triangle, standard 12 lead system. EEG – 10-20 electrode system, unipolar, bipolar and
average mode. EMG, ERG and EOG – unipolar and bipolar mode. |
UNIT IIIBIO AMPLIFIER |
Need for bio-amplifier - single ended bio-amplifier, differential bio-amplifier – right leg
driven ECG amplifier. Band pass filtering, isolation amplifiers – transformer and optical
isolation - isolated DC amplifier and AC carrier amplifier. Chopper amplifier. Power line
interference. |
UNIT IVMEASUREMENT OF NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETER |
Temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate measurements. Blood Pressure: indirect
methods - auscultatory method, oscillometric method, direct methods: electronic
manometer, Pressure amplifiers - systolic, diastolic, mean detector circuit.
Blood flow and cardiac output measurement: Indicator dilution, thermal dilution and dye
dilution method, Electromagnetic and ultrasound blood flow measurement. |
UNIT VBIO-CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT |
Biochemical sensors - pH, pO2 and pCo2, Ion selective Field effect Transistor (ISFET),
Immunologically sensitive FET (IMFET), Blood glucose sensors - Blood gas analyzers,
colorimeter, flame photometer, spectrophotometer, blood cell counter, auto analyzer
(simplified schematic description). |
Text Book |
1. Joseph J. Carr and John M. Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment
Technology”, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. John G. Webster, “Medical Instrumentation Application and Design”, John Wiley
and sons, New York, 2004 |
References |
1. Leslie Cromwell, “Biomedical Instrumentation and measurement”, Prentice hall of
India, New Delhi, 2007.
2. Khandpur R.S, “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw-Hill, New
Delhi, 2003.
3. Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering & Design – Myer Kutz, McGraw-
Hill Publisher, 2003. |
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