Problems of AC transmission systems, power flow in parallel paths and meshed system,
factors limiting loading capability, stability consideration. Power flow control of an ac
transmission line. Basic types of facts controllers. Advantages of FACTS technology.
Units: II
(i) Voltage-Sourced Converters: Basic concept of voltage-sourced converters, single and
three phase bridge converters. Introduction to power factor control. Transformer connections
for 12- pulse, 24 pulse and 48 pulse operations.
(ii) Static Shunt Compensators: Mid point and end point voltage regulation of transmission
line, and stability improvement. Basic operating principle of Static Synchronous Compensators
(STATCOM). Comparison between STATCOM and SVC.
Units: III
Static Series Compensators: Concept of series capacitive compensation, voltage and
transient stabilities, power oscillation and subsynehronous oscillation damping. Introduction to
thyristor- switched series capacitor (TSSC), thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC), and
static synchronous series compensator, - operation, characteristics and applications.
Units: IV
(i) Static Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators: Voltage and phase angle regulation. Power
flow control and improvement of stability by phase angle regulator. Introduction to thyristor
controlled voltage and phase angle regulators (TCVR and TCPAR)
(ii) Introduction to thyristor controlled braking resistor and thyristor controlled voltage limiter.
Units: V
(i) UPFC: Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), basic operating principles, conventional
transmission control capabilities. Comparison of UPFC to series compensators and phase angle
regulator. Applications of UPFC.
(ii) IPFC: Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC), basic operating principles and
characteristics. Applications of IPFC.