1 Study the burden effect on the performance of CT and measure ratio error.
2 Find out the sequence components of currents in three 1-Phase transformers and 3-
Phase transformer and compare their results.
3 (i) Study over current relay.
(ii) Draw the current-time characteristic of an over current relay for TMS=1 & 0.5 and
PSM=1.25 & 1.0.
4 (i) Study percentage bias differential relay.
(ii) Plot the characteristics of a percentage bias differential relay for 20%, 30% and 40%
biasing.
5 Study gas actuated Buchholz relay.
Units: II-State Space Approach of Control System Analysis:
Modern Vs conventional
control theory,
concept of state, state variable state vector, state space, state space equations, Writing
statespace equations of mechanical, Electrical systems, Analogous systems.
Units: III
State Space Representation using physical and phase variables, comparison form of
system representation. Block diagram representation of state model. Signal flow graph
representation. State space representation using canonical variables. Diagonal matrix.
Jordan canonical form, Derivation of transfer function from state-model.
Units: IV-Solution of State Equations:
Diagonalization, Eigenvalues and eigen vectors.
Matrix exponential, State transition matrix, Properties of state transition matrix.
Computation of State transition matrix concepts of controllability & observability. Pole
placement by state feedback, Ackerman’s formula
Units: V-Digital Control Systems:
Introduction, sampled data control systems, signal
reconstruction, difference equations. The z-transform, Z-Transfer Function. Block
diagram analysis of sampled data systems, z and s domain relationship, digital PID
controller