Transducers: Strain gauge for respiratory flow transducer, piezo resistive transducer for
intracardiac catheter, thermistor as temperature sensing elements - its characteristics and
compensation for non-linearity.
Piezoelectric transducer: its equivalent circuits and impedance frequency characteristics. Its
applications as intra cardiac microphone, heart assist device and ultrasonic instruments.
Variable inductance transducer, different configuration and application for measurement of
muscular tremor. LVDT and its signal processing circuitry.
Magnetostrictive and variable capacitance transducers, stretched diaphragm transducer and its
characteristics.
Measurement and recording of bioelectric signals:
ECG,EMG,EEG and other instruments for picking up and reproducing bioelectric signals,
specific design characteristics, sources of noise and its removal.
Measurement and recording of non-electric signal:
Measurement and recording of pressure, temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate and blood
flow. Electromagnetic blood flow meter, thermography, ph measurements, gas analysis, ESR
measurement, plethysmograph, X-Ray, tonometer and dialysis. Ultrasonics and echoencephalography
radiography imaging isotopes and nuclear medicine.
Equipment for effecting the human body:
Stimulator, defibrillator, pacemaker, diathermy.
Prosthetics: Upper and lower extremity prostheses, harness control, EMG-controlled
externally powered prosthesis, basic concept of monofunctional and multifunctional devices.
Biotelemetry: Radio-telemetry of biological signal, signal source, antenna and frequency
design considerations, example of single channel FM units.