1. Semiconductor Physics :
Energy Band Theory of crystals, Insulators, Semiconductor, metals, Types of semiconductors, mobility and
conductivity, charge densities in Semiconductors, Electrical properties of Ge and Si, Hair effect, generation
and recombination of electrons and holes, diffusion, Continuity equation, Injected minority carrier charges,
Mass Action Law.
2. Junction Diode Characteristics :
Open circuited P-N junction as rectifier (forward .and.. reverse biasing) current components in P-N diode, V-I
characteristics, Space charge and diffusion.capacitance, Junction diode switching times, Breakdown diodes,
Tunnel diode, LED, LDC, photo diode, varactor diode. Reverse recovery diode, Schottky diode, Fermi level in
intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, Band structure of an P-N junction, Basic Semi-conductor equations.
3. Diode Circuits:
Diode as circuit element, Load Line concept, Clippers and Clampers, rectifiers other full wave rectifiers,
Capacitive filters, Choke input filter L- C filter, filter, diode circuits for OR, AND (both positive and negative
logic).
4. Transistor Characteristics:
Junction transistor, transistor current component, CB, CE, CC configurations, comparison of the
configurations, transistor as an amplifier, Photo transistor, Junction FET, JFET Characteristics, Pinch - off
voltage Vp diode and transistor circuit for NOT gate.
5. Transistor Biasing and Thermal Stabilization:
Operating point, Selection of Operating points, Different Techniques, Self bias, collector to Base Bias, Emitter
bias, divider circuit, Bias compensation, Thermistor and compensation, Thermal runaway and thermal
stability.
6. Feedback Amplifiers:
Classification of amplifiers, Feedback concept, positive and negative feedback, General characteristics of
negative feedback, Details of voltage series, voltage shunt, current series and current shunt feedbacks, concept
of oscillators.
7. Operational Amplifiers:
Basic OP-AMP, Differential amplifier, Emitter coupled Differential Amplifier, transfer characteristics of
differential OP-AMP, IC operational Amplifier, Offset error voltage and currents, Temperature drift of input
offset voltage and current.