1.Units, Dimensions and Standards:
Introduction to MKS & Rationalised MKSA System, SI Units, Standards of EMF, Resistance, Capacitance
and Inductance, Systematic errors
2. General Theory of Analog Measuring Instruments:
Operating torque, damping & controlling torque, T/W ratio, Pointers & Scales. Principles of operation of
various types of electro mechanical indicating / registering instruments viz. PMMC, dynamometer, induction,
thermal, etc. for dc & ac measurement of V,I, W, frequency, phase & power factor etc., energy meter, their
sources of error & compensation, shunts & multipliers, multi- meter.
3. Potentiometers:
Basic Potentiometer circuit, multiple range potentiometers, constructional details of potentiometers,
applications of d-c potentiometers; self balancing potentiometers.
A-C potentiometers, polar and co- ordinate types.
4. Bridges:
Sources and Detectors, General equation for bridge balance, Measurement of R,L,C,M, F etc by Wheatstone,
Kelvin, Maxwell, Hay's, Anderson, Owen, Heaviside, Campbell, schering, Wien bridges.
Bridge sensitivity. Errors, , Wagner Earthing Device.
5. Magnetic Measurements:
Flux meter, B-H Curve, Hystersis loop, Permeameters, AC Testing of Magnetic materials, Separation of iron
losses, iron loss measurement by Wattmeter and Bridge methods.
6. Instrument Transformers:
Theory and construction of current and potential transformers, ratio and phase angle errors and their
minimization, Characteristics of CTs. & PTs., Testing of CTS & PTS.