INTRODUCTION TO CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS: Applications Areas of
Cryogenic Engineering
Low temperature properties of engineering materials – Mechanical
properties, Thermal properties, Electrical properties.
Introduction The Thermodynamically Ideal system Production of low
temperatures – Joule Thompson Effect, Adiabatic expansion.
UNIT II:
GAS LIQUIFICATION SYSTEMS: Liquification systems for Air Simple
Linde – Hampson System, Claude System, Heylndt System, Dual pressure,
Claude.
Liquefaction cycle Kapitza System. Comparison of Liquefaction Cycles
Liquefaction cycle for hydrogen, helium and Neon, Critical components ofliquefaction systems
UNIT III:
GAS CYCLE CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: Classification of Cryo coolers Stirling cycle Cryo – refrigerators, Ideal cycle – working principle. Schmidt’s analysis of Stirling cycle Various
configurations of Stirling cycle refrigerators Integral piston Stirling cryocooler,
Free displacer split type Stirling Cryo coolers, Gifford Mcmahon
Cryo- refrigerator, Pulse tube refrigerator, Solvay cycle refrigerator,
Vuillimier refrigerator, Cryogenic regenerators.
UNIT IV:
GAS SEPARATION AND GAS PURIFICATION SYSTEMS: Thermodynamic ideal separation system, Properties of mixtures, Principles of
gas separation, Linde single column air separation. Linde double column air
separation, Argon and Neon separation systems. Adsorption Process, PSA
systems.
PART – B
UNIT V:
ULTRA LOW TEMPERATURE CRYO – REFRIGERATORS: Magneto Caloric Refrigerator 3He-4He Dilution refrigerator. Pomeranchuk
cooling.
Measurement systems for low temperatures, Temperature measurement at
low temperatures, Resistance thermometers, Thermocouples, Thermistors,
Gas Thermometry. Liquid level sensors.
UNIT VI:
VACUUM TECHNOLOGY: Fundamental principles. Production of high
vacuum, Mechanical vacuum pumps, Diffusion pumps, Cryo-pumping,
Measurement of high vacuum level.Cryogenic Insulation: Heat transfer due to conduction, Evacuated porous
insulation Powder & Fibers Opacified powder insulation, Gas filled powders & Fibrous materials Multilayer super-insulation, Composite insulation.
UNIT VII:
CRYOGENIC FLUID STORAGE AND TRANSFER SYSTEMS: Design
of cryogenic fluid storage vessels, Inner vessel, Outer Insulation, Suspension
system, Fill and drain lines. Cryogenic fluid transfer, External pressurization,
Self pressurization, Transfer pump.
UNIT VIII:
APPLICATION OF CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS: Cryogenic application for
food preservation –Instant Quick Freezing techniques 11.2 Super conductive
devices, Cryogenic applications for space technology.