06ME754-Solar Energy |
PART – A |
UNIT I: |
INTRODUCTION: Energy source: renewable energy sources, renewable
energy potential and achievements in India, General characteristics of solar
energy; the Sun, solar spectrum, spectral solar impedance.
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UNIT II: |
SOLAR RADIATION AT THE EARTH SURFACE: Solar constant
beam, diffuse and global radiation. Solar radiation data of India.Measurement
of solar radiation. Pyronometer, pyrheliometer, sunshine recorder (schematic
diagram and working principles of the devices.)
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UNIT III: |
SOLAR RADIATION GEOMETRY: Sun earth angles- latitude,
declination, hour angle, zenith, solar altitude angle, surface azimuth angle,
solar azimuth angle, Local apparent time, solar time, apparent motion of sun,
day length, numerical examples. Flux on a plane surface, Solar radiation on a
inclined surface- Beam, defuse, reflected radiation on a tilted surface,
expression for flux on a tilted surface, monthly average hourly and daily
radiation on inclined surface. Numerical examples.
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UNIT IV: |
SOLAR THERMAL RADIATION DEVICES: Liquid flat plate collectors,
solar air heaters, concentrating collectors like cylindrical, parabolic,
evacuated tubular collectors.
STORAGE DEVICES: Sensible heat storage, latent heat storage.
Application of solar energy: water heating, space heating, space cooling,
active and passive cooling systems. Various power generation methods; Solar
furnace, Refrigeration, Distillation, Solar ponds; theory, working principle,
operational problems (Sketches, principle of working).
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PART – B |
UNIT V: |
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM: Introduction, Description,
Principles of working of solar cell:- Doping, Fermi level, p-n junction,
photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic Material:- Single crystal solar cell, Poly
crystal solar cell, thin film solar cell, I-V characteristic, limits to cell
efficiency, Cell temperature factors affecting PV cell performance Current
status and Future potential of P.V. cells.
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UNIT VI: |
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF LIQUID FLAT PLATECOLLECTORS: General description, collector geometry, selective surface
(qualitative discussion), basic energy balance equation, stagnation
temperature, transmissivity of the cover system, transmissivity- absorptivity
product, numerical examples. The overall loss coefficient, correlation for the
top loss coefficient, bottom and side loss- coefficient, problems (all
correlations to be provided)
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UNIT VII: |
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION: Temperature distribution between the
collectors tubes, collector heat removal factor, collector efficiency factor and
collector flow factor, mean plate temperature, instantaneous efficiency (all
expression to be provided). Effect of various parameters on the collector
performance: Collector orientation, selective surface, fluid inlet temperature,
number of covers, dust.
Solar Concentrators: Introduction, characteristic parameters: Aperture area,
Acceptance angle, absorber area, geometric concentration ratio. Local
concentration ratio or brightness concentration ratio, intercept factor, optical
efficiency, thermal efficiency.. Concentration ratio.
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UNIT VIII: |
CONCENTRATORS, TYPES, CLASSIFICATION, TRACKING: Concentration, Non tracking concentrator. Geometrical optics in
concentrators:- Ray tracing in a reflecting surface, ray tracing in a refracting
surface. Theoretical solar image. Thermal analysis:- Cylindrical parabolic
concentrator, Hemispherical Bowl Mirror, V- trough. Tracking Methods:-
Three Dimensional Concentrators, Two dimensional concentrators. Materials
for concentrators: - Reflecting and Refracting surfaces, receiver cover and
surface coating, working fluids, insulation, Numerical problems.
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REFERENCE |
TEXT BOOKS: |
1. Solar Energy- Principles of thermal collection and storage, S.P
Sukhatme, Tata McGraw- Hill publishing company limited,
NewDelhi,ISBN 0-07-462453-9.
2. Solar Power Engineering, P. K. Nag THH 2003.
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Reference Books |
1. Solar Engineering of thermal processes, Duffie, J.A. and
Beckman, W.A., John Wiley and Sons, Netwark (1991)
2. Solar Energy Utilization – G.D.Rai
3. Non Conventional Energy Resources, B.H. Khan- TMH
4. Renewable Energy, Sorensen; Elsvier publications.
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