INTRODUCTION: Definition of a Turbomachine; parts of a Turbomachine;
Comparison with positive displacement machine; Classification: Application
of First and Second Laws to Turbomachines, Efficiencies. Dimensionless
parameters and their physical significance; Effect of Reynolds number;
Specific speed; Illustrative examples on dimensional analysis and modelstudies
UNIT II
ENERGY TRANSFER IN TURBO MACHINE: Euler Turbine equation;
Alternate form of Euler turbine equation – components of energy transfer;
Degree of reaction; General analysis of a Turbo machine – effect of blade
discharge angle on energy transfer and degree of reaction; General analysis
of centrifugal pumps and compressors – Effect of blade discharge angle on
performance; Theoretical head – capacity relationship;
UNIT III
GENERAL ANALYSIS OF TURBO MACHINES: Axial flow
compressors and pumps – general expression for degree of reaction; velocity
triangles for different values of degree of reaction; General analysis of axial
and radial flow turbines – Utilization factor; Vane efficiency; Relation
between utilization factor and degree of reaction; condition for maximum
utilization factor – optimum blade speed ratio for different types of turbines
UNIT IV
THERMODYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW AND THERMODYNAMICANALYSIS OF COMPRESSION AND EXPANSION PROCESSES:
Sonic velocity and Mach number; Classification of fluid flow based on Mach
number; Stagnation and static properties and their relations; Compression
process – Overall isentropic efficiency of compression; Stage efficiency;
Comparison and relation between overall efficiency and stage efficiency;
Polytropic efficiency; Preheat factor; Expansion Process – Overall isentropic
efficiency for a turbine; Stage efficiency for a turbine; Comparison and
relation between stage efficiency and overall efficiency for expansion
process;polytropic efficiency of expansion; Reheat factor for expansionprocess.
PART – B
UNIT V
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS: Classification; Expression for overall
pressure ratio developed; Blade angles at impeller eye root and eye tip; Slip
factor and power input factor; width of the impeller channel; Compressibility
effect – need for pre-whirl vanes; Diffuser design: Flow in the vaneless
space, determination of diffuser inlet vane angle, width and length of the
diffuser passages; Surging of centrifugal compressors; AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSORS: Classification; Expression for Pressure
ratio developed per stage – work done factor, radial equilibrium conditions.
UNIT VI:
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: Definition of terms used in the design of
centrifugal pumps like manometric head, suction head, delivery head,
pressure rise, manometric efficiency, hydraulic efficiency, volumetric
efficiency, overall efficiency, multistage centrifugal pumps, minimum
starting speed, slip, priming, cavitation, NPSH,
UNIT VII:
STEAM TURBINES: Classification, Single stage impulse turbine;
Condition for maximum blade efficiency, stage efficiency. Compounding –
Need for compounding, method of compounding. Impulse Staging –
Condition fo maximum utilization factor for multi stage turbine with
equiangular blades; effect of blades and nozzle losses. Reaction turbine;
Parson’s reaction turbine, condition for maximum blade efficiency, reaction
staging.
UNIT VIII
HYDRAULIC TURBINES: Classification; Pelton Turbine-velocity
triangles, Design parameters, turbine efficiency, volumetric efficiency;
Francis turbine – velocity triangles, runner shapes for different blade speeds,
Design of Francis turbine; Function of a Draft tube, types of draft tubes;Kaplan and Propeller turbines – Velocity triangles and design parameters.
REFERENCE
TEXT BOOKS:
1. An Introduction to energy conversion, Volume III – Turbo
machinery, V. Kadambi and Manohar Prasad, New Age
International Publishers (P) Ltd.
2. “Turbines, Compressors & Fans”, S. M. Yahya, Tata-McGraw
Hill Co., 2nd Edition (2002).
Reference Books
1. “Principles of Turbo Machinery”, D. G. Shepherd, The
Macmillan Company (1964)
2. Fundamentals of Turbomachinery: William W Perg, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2008.
3. A Text book of Turbomechanics- M.S.Govindgouda&A.M.Nagaraj-M.M.Publications-IV Edition-2008
4. “Turbo Machinaries” B. K. Venkanna, PHI.