Electric balance – Different types of load cells – Hydraulic, pneumatic strain gauge- Magneto elastic and Piezo electric load cell – Different methods of torque measurements: strain gauge-Relative angular twist-Speed measurement:-Capacitive tacho-Dragcup type tacho-D.C and A.C tachogenerators – Stroboscope.
MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION, VIBRATION AND DENSITY
Accelerometers:- LVDT, Piezo-electric, Strain gauge and Variable reluctance type accelerometer – Mechanical type vibration instruments – Seismic instruments as an accelerometer – Vibrometers : Calibration of vibration pickups – Units of density and specific gravity – Baume scale, and API scale- Pressure head type densitometers- Float type densitometers – Ultrasonic densitometer- Bridge type gas densitometer.
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Units of pressure-Manometers-Different types –Elastic type pressure gauges: Bourdon tube, bellows and diaphragms-Electrical methods: Elastic elements with LVDT and strain gauges –Capacitive type pressure gauge –Piezo-resistive pressure sensor-Resonator pressure sensor-Measurement of vacuum:-McLeod gauge-Thermal conductivity gauges-Ionization gauges:– Cold cathode type and hot cathode type-Testing and calibration of pressure gauges-Dead weight tester.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Definitions and standards-Primary and secondary fixed points –Calibration of thermometers - Different types of filled in system thermometer-Sources of errors in filled in systems and their compensation-Bimetallic thermometers – Electrical methods of temperature measurement-Signal conditioning of industrial RTDs and their characteristics-3 lead and 4 lead RTDs - Thermistors.
THERMOCOUPLES AND RADIATION PYROMETERS
Thermocouples-Laws of thermocouple –Fabrication of industrial thermocouples –Signal conditioning of thermocouple output-Isothermal block reference junctions – Commercial circuits for cold junction compensation-Response of thermocouple –Special techniques for measuring high temperature using thermocouples – Radiation fundamentals- Radiation methods of temperature measurement –- Total radiation pyrometers-Optical pyrometers-Two colour radiation pyrometers – Fiber optic temperature measurement.
REFERENCE
Text Books
1. Doebelin, E.O., “Measurement systems Application and Design”, International Student
Edition, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company,2004.
2. Jone’s Instrument Technology, Vol.2, Butterworth-Heinemann, International Edition,
2003.
3. A.K. Sawhney, ‘A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurements and
Instrumentation’, Dhanpath Rai & Co (P) Ltd, 2004.
Reference Books
1. Liptak, B.G., “Instrumentation Engineers Handbook (Measurement)”, CRC Press,
2005
2. Patranabis,D., “Principles of Industrial Instrumentation”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.
3. Holman,P., “Experimental methods for Engineers”, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill Book
Company, 2000.
4. Nakra, B.C., and Chaudry, K.K., “Instrumentation measurement and Analysis”,
TataMcGraw Hill publishing Company Limited, 2004.