Measurement System – Instrumentation – Classification and Characteristics of Transducers – Static and Dynamic – Errors in Measurements – Calibration – Primary and secondary standards.
DISPLACEMENT , PRESSURE,TEMPERATURE SENSORS
Strain Gauge: Gauge factor, sensing elements, configuration, unbounded strain gage, biomedical applications; strain gauge as displacement & pressure transducers: force summing devices, capacitive transducer, inductive transducer, LVDT,Passive types: RTD materials & range, relative resistance vs. temperature characteristics, thermistor characteristics, biomedical applications of Temperature sensors. Active type: Thermocouple – characteristics,
PHOTOELECTRIC AND PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSORS
Phototube, Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT), photovoltaic, photoconductive cells, photo diodes, phototransistor, comparison of photoelectric transducers, spectro-photometric applications of photo electric transducers. Piezoelectric active transducer and biomedical applications as pressure & Ultrasound transducer.
SIGNAL CONDITIONING & SIGNAL ANALYSER
AC and DC Bridges –wheat stone bridge, Kelvin, Maxwell, Hay, Schering -Pre-amplifier – impedance matching circuits – isolation amplifier. Spectrum analyzer.
DISPLAY AND RECORDING DEVICES
Digital voltmeter – Multi meter – CRO – block diagram, CRT – vertical & horizontal deflection system, DSO, LCD monitor, PMMC writing systems, servo recorders, photographic recorder, magnetic tape recorder, X–Y recorder, thermal recorder
REFERENCE
Text Books
1. Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation L.A Geddas and L.E.Baker – John Wiley and sons.
2. Albert D.Helfrick and William D. Cooper. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques”, Prentice Hall of India, 2007.
Reference Books
1. Ernest o Doebelin and dhanesh N manik, Measuremet systems, Application and design ,5th edition ,McGraw-Hill, 2007.
2. Khandpur R.S, “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007.
3. Leslie Cromwell, “Biomedical Instrumentation and measurement”, Prentice hall of India, New Delhi, 2007.
4. John G. Webster, “Medical Instrumentation Application and Design”, John Wiley and sons, New York, 2004